Provincial and Autonomous Regional Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Departments, Municipalities' Housing and Urban-Rural Construction (Management) Committees, Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Administration, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Transportation, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Bureau, Shandong Provincial Department of Transportation:

The "Determination Standard for Major Hidden Dangers of Production Safety Accidents in Housing and Municipal Engineering (2024 Edition)" is hereby issued to you. Please earnestly implement it.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

December 13, 2024

(This document is publicly released)

Article 1 For the purpose of accurately identifying and eliminating major hidden dangers of production safety accidents in housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects (hereinafter referred to as housing and municipal engineering) in a timely manner, and effectively preventing and curbing mass casualties, this standard is formulated in accordance with laws and administrative regulations such as the "People's Republic of China Construction Law", "People's Republic of China Safety Production Law", and "Regulations on Safety Production Management of Construction Projects".

Article 2 Major hidden dangers referred to in this standard mean production safety accident hazards that exist during the construction of housing and municipal engineering projects, with high hazard levels and the potential to cause mass casualties or significant economic losses.

Article 3 This standard applies to the determination of major hidden dangers of production safety accidents in the construction of new, expanded, modified, and demolished housing and municipal engineering projects.

County-level and above people's governments' housing and urban-rural construction authorities and construction safety supervision agencies can use this standard to determine major hidden dangers of production safety accidents in housing and municipal engineering projects during supervision and inspection.

Article 4 The following situations in construction safety management should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) Construction enterprises engaging in construction activities without obtaining a safety production license or undertaking projects beyond (without) qualifications;

(2) Construction enterprises failing to fully equip safety production management personnel as required, or their main person in charge, project person in charge, or full-time safety production management personnel engaging in related work without valid safety production assessment certificates;

(3) Special operation personnel in construction failing to obtain valid special operation personnel operation qualification certificates before going to work;

(4) Failure to prepare or review special construction plans for sub-projects with high risks, or the existence of serious defects in special construction plans, or failure to organize experts to review special construction plans for "high-risk sub-projects exceeding a certain scale" as per regulations;

(5) For sub-projects with high risks that need to be accepted according to regulations, entering the next process or putting them into use without qualified acceptance.

Article 5 The following situations in foundation pit and slope engineering should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) Failure to take special protective measures for adjacent buildings, structures, and underground pipelines that may be damaged due to the construction of foundation pits and slopes;

(2) Over-excavation of foundation pit and slope earthwork without effective measures;

(3) Deep foundation pits and high slopes (Level 1 and 2) construction without third-party monitoring;

(4) The existence of any of the following premonitory signs of foundation pit and slope collapse, without timely handling:

1. Deformation of supporting structures or surrounding buildings exceeds the design deformation control value;

2. Large-scale water leakage or soil flow appears on the sidewalls of the foundation pit;

3. Piping or sudden flow appears at the bottom of the foundation pit;

4. The depth of soil loss holes between piles exceeds the pile diameter.

Article 6 The following situations in formwork engineering and support systems should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) The bearing capacity and deformation of the formwork support do not meet the design requirements;

(2) The construction load borne by the formwork support exceeds the design value;

(3) When removing formwork and during sliding formwork and climbing formwork climbing, the concrete strength does not meet the design or code requirements;

(4) For high-risk concrete formwork support projects, concrete is not poured in the order or layer thickness as required by the special construction plan.

Article 7 The following situations in scaffolding engineering should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) The bearing capacity and deformation of the scaffolding do not meet the design requirements;

(2) Failure to set up connecting pieces or full-layer missing connecting pieces;

(3) Anti-overturning, anti-falling, or synchronous lifting control devices of attached lifting scaffolding do not meet design requirements, fail, or are missing.

Article 8 The following situations in construction hoisting machinery and hoisting engineering should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) Tower cranes, construction hoists, material hoists, and other hoisting machinery equipment are put into use without qualified acceptance, or fail to register for use as required;

(2) The bearing capacity and deformation of the foundation of construction hoisting machinery do not meet the design requirements;

(3) Before installation, disassembly, climbing (lowering), and attachment of construction hoisting machinery, no inspection is conducted on structural components, climbing devices, and attachment devices, and connecting components and safety devices such as high-strength bolts, pins, and positioning plates;

(4) Safety devices for construction hoisting machinery are incomplete, malfunctioning, or illegally removed or damaged;

(5) Main load-bearing components of construction hoisting machinery have visible cracks, severe rust, plastic deformation, or open welding, or their connecting bolts or pins are missing or damaged;

(6) The attachment spacing and maximum overhang above the highest attachment of the construction hoist, and the verticality do not meet the code requirements;

(7) The independent lifting height, attachment spacing, and maximum overhang above the highest attachment of the tower crane, and the verticality do not meet the code requirements;

(8) Failure to maintain a safe distance between tower cranes and surrounding buildings (structures) or group tower operations;

(9) Use of construction hoisting machinery that has reached the scrapping standard, or use of hoisting slings that have reached the scrapping standard for hoisting operations.

Article 9 The following situations in high-altitude operations should be judged as major hidden dangers:

(1) The load-bearing capacity and deformation of the support structure for steel structure and net frame installation do not meet the design requirements; the support structure for steel structure and net frame installation exceeds the design load-bearing capacity or the anti-overturning device is not set according to the design requirements;

(2) No measures are taken to prevent instability during the installation of prefabricated components such as single steel trusses (roof trusses);

(3) The resting points, tie points, and support points of the cantilever unloading platform are not located on a stable main structure, and no reliable connection is made;

(4) Horizontal protective measures are not taken for the penetration between the scaffolding and the outer surface of the structure, or horizontal protective measures are not taken for the penetration in the elevator shaft, and no protective door is set at the elevator shaft opening;

(5) High-altitude operation lifting baskets are overloaded, or the safety lock fails, or the safety rope (used for hanging safety belts) is not independently suspended.

Article 10 The following situations of temporary construction power supply shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) In special operating environments (poor ventilation, high temperature, conductive dust, relative humidity exceeding 75% for a long time, muddy, stagnant water or other conductive liquids, etc.), lighting does not use safety voltage as stipulated;

(2) The safety distance between the building under construction and scaffolding, mechanical equipment, on-site motor vehicle lanes and external overhead lines does not meet the requirements of the code and no protective measures are taken.

Article 11 The following situations in confined space operations shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) Confined spaces on construction sites are not identified, and warning signs are not set in conspicuous places;

(2) Confined space operations have not implemented the "operation approval system", have not conducted special safety education and training for construction personnel, and have not followed the principle of "ventilation first, then detection, then operation";

(3) No one is responsible for monitoring the confined space operation site, or no dedicated safety production management personnel supervise on site;

(4) The confined space operation site is not equipped with necessary gas detection, mechanical ventilation, respiratory protection, and emergency rescue facilities and equipment.

Article 12 The following situations in demolition engineering shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) The demolition of load-bearing structures in decoration and renovation projects has not been reviewed by the original design unit or a design unit with corresponding qualifications;

(2) The demolition construction operation sequence does not meet the requirements of the specifications and construction plan.

Article 13 The following situations in tunnel engineering shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) No measures are taken for on-site water operations, or groundwater control measures fail and construction continues;

(2) Water inrush, sand inrush, and local collapse occur during construction, the support structure is distorted or cracked, and no timely measures are taken;

(3) Excavation and support methods are not selected according to the specifications or construction plan, or advanced geological prediction and monitoring measurement are not carried out as prescribed, or monitoring data exceeds the design control value and no timely measures are taken;

(4) The starting and receiving ends of the shield machine are not reinforced according to the design, or the reinforcement effect does not meet the requirements, and no measures are taken before construction begins;

(5) The shield tail seal of the shield machine fails, leakage occurs at the hinge, and excavation continues, or the shield machine opens the pressure chamber for inspection and blade changing without following relevant regulations;

(6) No special protective measures are taken for adjacent buildings, structures, and underground pipelines that may be damaged due to construction;

(7) Without approval, new (renovation, expansion) construction of buildings (structures), laying of pipelines, overhead lines, excavation, blasting, etc., are carried out within the safety protection zone of rail transit projects.

Article 14 The following situations in temporary construction loading shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) The load around the pit exceeds the allowable design value;

(2) Loading around unsupported pits (trenches) within the range equal to the excavation depth around the bottom edge line;

(3) The load on structural components such as floor slabs, roofs, and basement ceilings, or scaffolding, exceeds the allowable design value.

Article 15 The following hazardous operation situations shall be deemed as major accident hazards:

(1) When using large-scale mechanical equipment such as concrete pump trucks, piling equipment, truck cranes, and crawler cranes, the load-bearing capacity of their operating routes and working positions is not checked;

(2) Violating regulations to carry out hoisting operations, equipment installation, dismantling, and high-altitude operations in bad weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy snow, heavy fog, or strong winds;

(3) Using tower cranes, truck cranes, crawler cranes, or tire cranes and other non-manned equipment to lift personnel on construction sites.

Article 16 The use of construction processes, equipment, and materials that are explicitly prohibited or restricted by the state and have a high degree of hazard, may cause mass casualties or cause significant economic losses, shall be deemed as major accident hazards.

Article 17 Other serious violations of the safety production laws, regulations, departmental rules, and mandatory standards of housing and municipal engineering, and the existence of a high degree of hazard, may cause mass casualties or cause significant economic losses, shall be deemed as major accident hazards.

Article 18 This standard shall be implemented from the date of its issuance. The "Standard for Determining Major Accident Hazards in Housing and Municipal Engineering Production Safety (2022 Edition)" (Jianzhigui [2022] No. 2) is repealed at the same time.