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2025
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04
What should you do to save yourself if you encounter a road collapse?
Road surface collapse is a sudden geological hazard often caused by multiple factors. When faced with such an event, and while there is still time to escape, how should you rescue yourself?
Causes of Road Surface Collapse
1. Caused by leaks in the underground utility network
Ruptures, leaks, and seepage in underground utility networks and potable water pipelines—caused by factors such as underground construction or corrosion and aging—are the primary causes of most pavement collapses. Water erosion leads to soil loss and direct damage to soil structure, creating subsurface voids that trigger pavement collapse incidents.
2. Improper construction of underground structures has resulted in…
During the construction of underground structures such as subways and tunnels, improper construction practices can easily lead to damage to the soil matrix. Excessive groundwater seepage causes significant loss of soil from loose layers above or around these structures, gradually forming subsurface voids; alternatively, it may directly trigger the collapse of overlying rock and soil, resulting in pavement subsidence. Since such incidents are often human‑induced, at most collapse sites, personnel find it difficult to evacuate promptly when an accident occurs, making fatalities and injuries highly likely.
3. Caused by natural conditions or the evolution of disasters
Continuous heavy rainfall, flooding, freezing, snow accumulation, excessive temperature fluctuations, and geological instability—among other natural conditions or hazards—can all compromise the effective stress distribution and structural integrity of backfilled subgrades or the underlying soil, leading to pavement collapse.
4. Caused by overloading of the road surface
Cavities already existed beneath the pavement, and sudden increases in traffic loads—caused by vehicle overloading and excessive pavement surcharges—can directly lead to insufficient structural support, resulting in large-scale collapses. Although in most cases overloading is not the direct cause of pavement failure, it often serves as the final straw that breaks the camel’s back—triggering the collapse.
Before a road surface collapses, the following signs often appear:
① Well water or spring water suddenly dries up, becomes turbid with sand, or experiences a sudden drop in water level, among other phenomena;
② Cracks appear on the ground in patterns such as ring-shaped, radial, or parallel‑intersecting configurations;
③ Buildings rattle, tilt, or develop cracks;
④ The ground has subsided, with standing water of unknown origin, and faint sounds of underground soil collapse can be heard.
Self-Rescue Methods for Road Collapse Incidents
1. When encountering a road collapse, pedestrians should clasp their hands over their heads, shield their face with their arms, crouch down into a fetal position, tuck their face between their knees, and maintain as much breathing space as possible; they should also try to protect their mouth and nose to prevent inhaling dust.
2. After a collapse, if you can still escape, evacuate immediately and call for help loudly when necessary. If you are unable to get out, conserve your energy, call for help at the appropriate time, and wait for rescue. If you have access to a signal device, promptly dial emergency services; you can also create noise using nearby water pipes, gas lines, or other objects to attract attention.
3. If a vehicle falls into a collapsed area, once it has come to a stop, quickly unbuckle your seatbelt, break a window to escape, and look for an evacuation route. If you become trapped, remain calm, promptly use a communication device to call for help, conserve your energy, and never attempt to free yourself by force.
4. After a ground collapse occurs, stay away from the accident site to prevent secondary hazards. Immediately set up warning signs around the disaster area and evacuate the public.
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